Ruraq:虞海/Wikipedia:Naming conventions (General Chinese)

Table

Onsets

• Bilabials

b→p

p→ph

bh→p'

m→m

• Labio-dentals

f→f

fv→f

v→w

• Alveolar stops

d→t

t→th

dh→t'

n→n

• Palatal stops

dy→ch

ty→chh

dhy→ch'

n→ñ

• Alveolar

z→(q)

ts→(qh)

dz→(q')

s→s

sz→sr

• Palatal

j→(q)

ch→(qh)

dj→(q')

sh→(sh)

zh→(sh')

• Retroflex

dr→ch

tr→chh

jr→ch'

sr→sh

zr→sh'

• Velars

c→k

k→kh

g→k'

q→ll

• Gutturals

∅→', ,-

y,w,h→y,w,h

x→h/x

h→h

• Semi*

l→l

r→r

Onset toolbox

The 36 initials

		Voiceless		Voiced
		Tenuis 清	Aspirate 次清	Muddy 濁	Sonorant 次濁	Tenuis 清	Muddy 濁
Labials 脣	Bilabials	幫 *[p] ‹b›	滂 *[pʰ] ‹p›	並 *[b̥] ‹bh›	明 *[m] ‹m›
	Labio-dentals	非 *[f] ‹f›	敷 —	奉 *[v̥] ‹fv›	微 *[w̃] ‹v›
Coronals 舌	Alveolar stops	端 *[t] ‹d›	透 *[tʰ] ‹t›	定 *[d̥] ‹dh›	泥 *[n] ‹n›
	Palatal stops	知 *[ʈ] ‹dy›	徹 *[ʈʰ] ‹ty›	澄 *[ɖ̥] ‹dhy›	娘 *[ɳ] ‹n›
Sibilants 齒	Alveolar	精 *[ts] ‹z›	清 *[tsʰ] ‹ts›	從 *[d̥z] ‹dz›		心 *[s] ‹s›	邪 *[z̥] ‹sz›
	Palatal	章 *[tɕ] ‹j›	昌 *[tɕʰ] ‹ch›	船 *[d̥ʑ] ‹dj›		書 *[ɕ] ‹sh›	時 *[ʑ̥] ‹zh›
	Retroflex	莊 *[tʂ] ‹dr›	初 *[tʂʰ] ‹tr›	崇 *[d̥ʐ] ‹jr›		生 *[ʂ] ‹sr›	士 *[ʐ̥] ‹zr›
Velars 牙		見 *[k] ‹c›	谿 *[kʰ] ‹k›	羣 *[ɡ̊] ‹ɡ›	疑 *[ŋ] ‹q›
Gutturals 喉		影 *[ʔ] ∅			喻 *[j] ‹y, w, h›	曉 *[x] ‹x›	匣 *[ɣ̊] ‹h›
"Semi-coronal"					來 *[l] ‹l›
"Semi-sibilant"					日 *[ȷ̃] ‹r›

Medials

e→i

Rimes

Nucleus

		coda
		-i	-u	-m	-n	-ng
nuc-  leus	o			om	on	ong
	a	ai	au	am	an	ang
						aeng
	e	ei	eu	em	en
						eng
	i			im	in	ing
	u				un	ung

Vowels

e→i

o→u

Apicals

∅→

Codas

• Unreleased ob:

b/p→p

d/t→t

c/k→k

• Nasals:

m/**m/mm→m

n/**n/nn→n

ng/g/q→ñ

• Tones:

**/h→?

e/y→i

o/w→u

Syllable structures

Chinese syllable structures

• Onset+Medials+Rime[Nucleus+Coda]+Tone
• CwVC+T
• Last C can only be: p, t, k; and m, n, ng

Quechua syllable structures

• Onset[2]+Rime[Nucleus+Coda]
• C(C)VC
• Last C cannot be: h, ñ, t, ll, and r; b, g, f
• Second C is spanish loanword

Example

• 中國=Dyung-cuec→Ch'ung-kuik
• 中華=Dyung-hua→Ch'ung-hua
• 孔夫子=Kug-fu-zii→Khuñ-fuqii
• 孔夫子=Kug-fu-zii→Khuñ'fuqii
• 孔夫子=Kug-fu-zii→Khuñ fuqii

Tools

• en:Quechua alphabet
• en:Quechua_language#Writing_system
• en:Ayacucho Quechua#Stress Rules and Syllable Structure

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• en:General Chinese